CHAPTER 01 · PARTICLE MODEL

Particles and evidence粒子与证据

Use observations to explain random particle motion and diffusion.通过观察,解释粒子的随机运动和扩散。

The essentials核心概念

  • Matter consists of tiny particles: atoms, molecules or ions.物质由微小粒子构成:原子、分子或离子。
  • Particles in liquids and gases move continuously and randomly.液体和气体中的粒子持续进行随机运动。
  • Diffusion is net movement from higher to lower concentration caused by random particle motion.扩散由粒子的随机运动引起,整体方向是从高浓度区域到低浓度区域。

Key vocabulary关键术语

English中文
particle粒子
random motion随机运动
diffusion扩散
atom原子
molecule分子
ion离子

Quick practice快速练习 · 题目保持英文

Try each question before opening its hint or answer. Use paper for calculations and diagrams.先独立尝试,再展开提示或答案。计算和画图可以在纸上完成。

Question 1

A smell spreads through a room. Does this mean every smell particle moves away from the source?

Need a hint for Question 1?

Distinguish the motion of an individual particle from the overall change in concentration.区分单个粒子的运动方向与浓度的整体变化。

Check Question 1

No. Each particle moves randomly. Overall, more particles move from the concentrated region into less concentrated regions than in the reverse direction.不是。每个粒子都随机运动。整体而言,从高浓度区域进入低浓度区域的粒子比反向移动的更多。

Question 2

A drop of dye spreads through still water. Explain why stirring is not necessary.

Need a hint for Question 2?

Consider the motion of dye and water particles.考虑染料粒子和水分子的运动。

Check Question 2

Particles move continuously and randomly. This leads to a net spreading of dye from higher to lower concentration without stirring.粒子持续随机运动,使染料整体从高浓度区域扩散到低浓度区域,即使没有搅拌也会混合。

Question 3

A student says diffusion stops when the colour becomes uniform. Correct the statement.

Need a hint for Question 3?

Separate individual motion from net movement.区分粒子的持续运动与整体的净移动。

Check Question 3

Particles continue moving randomly. Once concentration is uniform, there is no overall movement down a concentration gradient.粒子仍在随机运动。浓度均匀后,不再有沿浓度梯度的整体净移动。

For more written practice, use Lesson 1 in your worksheet.

All Chapter 1 topics第一章全部小节