STUDENT SPACE · TOPIC 2

Group I alkali metals

Describe Group I trends and predict reactions using evidence.

The essentials

  • Lithium, sodium and potassium are relatively soft metals with low densities.
  • Melting point decreases down the group. Density generally increases.
  • A Group I metal reacts with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen.

Key vocabulary

EnglishChinese
alkali metal碱金属
density密度
reactivity反应活泼性

Quick practice

Try each question before opening its hint or answer. Use paper for calculations and diagrams.

Question 1

Which reacts more vigorously with water, lithium or potassium? Explain using electron loss.

Need a hint for Question 1?

Locate the two metals in the group and identify the direction of comparison.

Check Question 1

Potassium. Its outer electron is farther from the nucleus and more shielded, so it is easier to lose.

Question 2

Write a balanced equation for potassium reacting with water.

Need a hint for Question 2?

The products are an alkali and hydrogen.

Check Question 2

2K + 2H₂O → 2KOH + H₂

Question 3

Densities: Na 0.97 and K 0.86 g cm⁻³. Use these data to evaluate the claim that density always increases down Group I.

Need a hint for Question 3?

Compare the two numerical densities rather than assuming a trend.

Check Question 3

The general trend is increasing density, but K is 0.86 g cm⁻³ and Na is 0.97 g cm⁻³.

Use Lesson 2 in your worksheet for written practice. Your teacher will discuss those answers in class.

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